Informal Payments in Healthcare Services: A Literature Review

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Informal Payments in Healthcare Services: A Literature Review [Journal of Health and Nursing Management]

Journal of Health and Nursing Management. 2019; 6(2): 153-163 | DOI: 10.5222/SHYD.2019.96658

Informal Payments in Healthcare Services: A Literature Review

Do�ancan �avmak¹, Sait S�yler², Cenk Teker³
¹Tarsus University, Vocational School of Health Services,Healthcare Administration, Tarsus/Mersin
²Tarsus University, Vocational School of Health Services,Healthcare Administration, Mersin
³Ni�anta�� University, Vocational School, �stanbul

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: Health systems are a sub-system directly affected by economic systems. Therefore, health systems may change as the economic systems of countries change. Regardless of which economic system is adopted and how this system is circulating to the health system, problems such as access to health, justice, equity and quality are the main problems that should be solved in health systems. As systems fail to solve such problems, individuals within the system begin to implement their own methods with the aim of eliminating/abusing deficits in the system. In this sense, informal payments can be seen as a tool for the use of such weaknesses for both health workers and healthcare consumers.
Aim: The aim of this study is to draw a frame of the world wide on informal payments which may cause various injustices and degeneration of system in terms of access to health systems and quality of health services.

METHODS: Methods: Systematic literature review was preferred as a method in the study and 20 studies which met inclusion criterias were included in the study.
RESULTS: Results: Informal payments have a high prevalence especially in post-communist and under developed countries and the reasons of these results were examined.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Conclusion: it is recommended that a number of studies should be carried out to legitimize these kind of payments, and to monitor the results of the precautions taken into consideration in Turkey.

Keywords: Health, Health Services, Health Economics, Informal Payments

Sa�l�k Hizmetlerinde Informal �demeler: Bir Literat�r Derlemesi

Do�ancan �avmak¹, Sait S�yler², Cenk Teker³
¹Tarsus �niversitesi, Sa�l�k Hizmetleri Meslek Y�ksekokulu, Sa�l�k Kurumlar� ��letmecili�i, Tarsus/Mersin
²Tarsus �niversitesi, Sa�l�k Hizmetleri Meslek Y�ksekokulu, Sa�l�k Kurumlar� ��letmecili�i, Mersin
³Ni�anta�� niversitesi Meslek Y�ksekokulu, �stanbul

G�R�� ve AMA�: Giri�: Sa�l�k sistemleri iktisadi sistemlerden do�rudan etkilenen birer alt sistemdir. Bu nedenle �lkelerin iktisadi sistemleri de�i�tik�e sa�l�k sistemleri de de�i�ebilmektedir. �ktisadi sistemin ne oldu�una, bu sistemin sa�l�k sistemine nas�l sirayet etti�ine bak�lmaks�z�n, sa�l�k sistemlerinde ��z�lmesi gereken temel problemlerin ba��nda sa�l��a eri�im, adalet, hakkaniyet, kalite gibi problemler gelmektedir. Sistemler bu t�r problemlerin ��z�m�ne uzak kald�k�a sistem i�erisindeki bireyler kendi y�ntemlerini sistemdeki a��klar� gidermek/kullanmak maksad� ile uygulamaya ba�lamaktad�r. Bu anlamda informal �demeler hem sa�l�k �al��anlar� hem de sa�l�k hizmeti t�keticileri i�in bu t�r zay�fl�klar�n kullan�lmas� a��s�ndan birer ara� olarak g�r�lebilmektedir.
Ama�: Bu �al��man�n amac� sa�l�k sistemlerinde eri�im ve kaliteli hizmet alma noktas�nda �e�itli adaletsizliklere ve sistemin yozla�mas�na sebep olabilen informal �demelere ili�kin d�nya genelinin bir �er�evesinin �izilmesidir.

Y�NTEM ve GERE�LER: Y�ntem: Ara�t�rmada y�ntem olarak sistematik literat�r taramas� y�ntemi tercih edilmi�, ara�t�rmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini sa�layan toplamda 20 �al��ma incelenmi�tir.
BULGULAR: Bulgular: Ara�t�rmada informal �demelerin �zellikle post-kom�nist �lkelerde ve geli�mi�lik d�zeyi d��k olan �lkelerde y�ksek bir yayg�nl�k oran�na sahip oldu�u tespit edilmi�, bu sonucun nedenleri irdelenmi�tir.
TARTI�MA ve SONU�: Sonu�: �nformal �demelerin kay�t alt�na al�nabilmesi i�in bir tak�m �al��malar�n ger�ekle�tirilmesi ve T�rkiye� de at�lan ad�mlar�n sonu�lar�n�n izlenebilmesi i�in informal �demelerle ilgili derinlemesine �al��malar yap�lmas� gerekti�i �nerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sa�l�k, Sa�l�k Hizmetleri, Sa�l�k Ekonomisi, Informal �demeler

Do�ancan �avmak, Sait S�yler, Cenk Teker. Informal Payments in Healthcare Services: A Literature Review. Journal of Health and Nursing Management. 2019; 6(2): 153-163

Corresponding Author: Sait S�yler, T�rkiye

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