Effects of Work Environment, Shift Durations, and Patient-Nurse Ratio on Nurse Outcomes: A Scoping Review

¹Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Nursing Management, Izmir, Turkey
²�zmir Katip �elebi University, Atat�rk Training and Research Hospital, Education Unit, �zmir, Turkey

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the results of published studies conducted on the effects of work environment, shift durations, and patient-nurse ratio on nurse outcomes.
Method: In this scoping review, studies conducted with nurses working in adult clinics and published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2021, in which the effects of work environment, shift durations, and patient-nurse ratio on nurse outcomes were investigated were searched in the EBSCO, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ULAKB�M databases. Databases were screened using the following words: �nurse staffing, patient-nurse ratio, nurse work environment, shift duration, nurse outcomes, intention to leave organization/job/occupation, turnover, job satisfaction, nurse retention, and burnout.�
Results: In total, 32 studies were included in the review. These studies indicated that nurses who perceived the working environment positively had higher job satisfaction. In contrast, they had lower burnout, intention to leave the job/profession, and turnover rate. Studies have shown that nurses who work for 12 hours or more have a high level of job dissatisfaction, burnout, and intention to leave. On the other hand, a higher patient-nurse ratio is linked to more job dissatisfaction, burnout, stress, fatigue, stab wounds, absenteeism, and intention to leave the job.
Conclusion: The results of high-quality studies included in this review demonstrated that the work environment and shift durations of nurses and patient-nurse ratio positively affected job satisfaction, burnout, stress, fatigue, stab wounds, absenteeism, and intention to leave. It is recommended that nurse managers utilize these results in their decision-making process and shape health policies by influencing decision-makers.

Keywords:

Hem�irelerin �al��ma Ortam�, �al��ma S�releri ve Hasta-Hem�ire Oran�n�n Hem�ire Sonu�lar�na Etkisi: Kapsaml� Bir Literat�r Derleme

¹Dokuz Eyl�l �niversitesi, Hem�irelik Fak�ltesi, Hem�irelikte Y�netim Anabilim Dal�, �zmir, T�rkiye
²�zmir Katip �elebi �niversitesi, Atat�rk E�itim ve Ara�t�rma Hastanesi, E�itim Birimi, �zmir, T�rkiye

Ama�: Hem�ire �al��ma ortam�, �al��ma s�resi ve hasta-hem�ire oran�n�n hem�ire sonu�lar�na etkisi konusunda yay�nlanm�� al��malar�n sonu�lar�n� de�erlendirmektir.
Y�ntem: Bu kapsaml� literat�r derlemede (scoping review) EBSCO, Pubmed, Cochrane Library ve ULAKB�M veri tabanlar�nda, �hem�ire �al��ma ortam�, �al��ma s�resi/saatleri/fazla mesai, hasta hem�ire oran�, kurumdan/i�ten/meslekten ayr�lma niyeti, devir h�z�, i� doyumu/memnuniyeti, hem�ire tutma, t�kenmi�lik� anahtar s�zc�kleri kullan�larak tarama yap�lm��t�r. Derlemeye 2000-2021 y�llar� aras�nda hakemli dergilerde yay�nlanm��, �al��ma ortam�, �al��ma s�releri ve hasta-hem�ire oran�n�n hem�ire sonu�lar�na etkisini inceleyen, eri�kin kliniklerde �al��an hem�irelerle yap�lan ara�t�rmalar al�nm��t�r.
Bulgular: Derleme kapsam�na 32 �al��ma al�nm��t�r. Bu �al��malar�n sonu�lar�; �al��ma ortam�n� olumlu alg�layan hem�irelerin daha y�ksek i� doyumu, daha d��k t�kenmi�lik, i�ten/meslekten ayr�lma niyetine sahip oldu�unu g�stermi�tir. �al��malarda 12 saat ve �zeri �al��an hem�irelerin y�ksek d�zeyde i� doyumsuzlu�u, t�kenmi�lik ve ayr�lma niyetine sahip olduklar� g�sterilmi�tir. Bununla birlikte hasta-hem�ire oran�n�n y�ksek oldu�u �al��ma ortamlar�nda hem�irelerin i� doyumsuzlu�u, t�kenmi�lik, stres, yorgunluk, delici-kesici alet yaralanmas�, i�e devams�zl�k ve i�ten ayr�lma niyeti oranlar�n�n daha y�ksek oldu�u belirlenmi�tir.
Sonu�: Bu derlemeye al�nan iyi kalitedeki �al��ma sonu�lar� olumlu �al��ma ortam�n�n, �al��ma s�resinin ve hasta-hem�ire oran�n�n d��k olmas�n�n; i� doyumu, t�kenmi�lik, stres, yorgunluk, delici-kesici alet yaralanmas�, i�e devams�zl�k ve i�ten ayr�lma niyeti �zerine olumlu etkileri oldu�unu g�stermi�tir. Y�netici hem�irelerin bu sonu�lar� kararlar�nda ve karar vericileri etkileyerek sa�l�k politikalar�n�n �ekillenmesinde kullanmalar� �nerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Havva Arslan Y�r�mezo�lu, Emine Sar�o�lu. Effects of Work Environment, Shift Durations, and Patient-Nurse Ratio on Nurse Outcomes: A Scoping Review. Journal of Health and Nursing Management. 2022; 9(1): 153-167

Corresponding Author: Havva Arslan Y�r�mezo�lu, T�rkiye